Bulgarian Literature
Bulgarian Literature
The development of Bulgarian literature interspersed with periods of stagnation, the largest of which lasted four centuries. Often, the most famous representatives of the Bulgarian literature were the apostles, preachers of freedom, the revolutionaries who fought for the freedom of their homeland with their lives. In Bulgaria, the concept of culture is inseparable from national identity.
Its origin is from the literature of the Middle Ages. Recently celebrated eleven thousandth anniversary of the Glagolitic alphabet, which served to translate the Gospel into Slavic. In 863 Constantine – philosopher, later confessor with the secular name of Cyril, was ordered by the Byzantine authorities to extend the sacred books in Moravia – Teketo in their native language. In the year 869, after the death of Cyril, his brother Methodius continued his work. Alphabet, named after Cyril, later made into a Glagolitic. This alphabet is still used by the Bulgarians, Russian, Eastern Slavs, Serbs.
The cradle of Bulgarian literature are the product of a religious nature, in which the authors are trying to preach to Bulgaria's independence from the Byzantine Empire. That is reflected in the works of Clement of Ohrid, Constantine of Preslav and Chernorizets Brave. They preach anti-Greek policies pursued by Tsar Simeon, who, being well-educated, wanted to Bulgarian culture was pulled out of the Greek framework and dogma.
At this time, there are books that describe the lives of the saints, legends with a double meaning, and books that are closely associated with the development of heretical movements, which are collected odinakovomyslyaschih and fight against the privileges of the feudal lords and the high clergy. Naturally, in the long Byzantine rule (1018 – 1186 gg.) Literary works endured stagnant. But during the Second Bulgarian Kingdom (1186 -1396 years.) It should be noted the work of Theodosius Turnovo and his pupils.
Evtimiy Tarnovo describes the life of Ivan Rilski St. Petka. His disciple Gregory wrote a work praising Evtimov. It must be said that the unwritten word plays its role as the only possible means of expression during heavy Ottoman yoke. Folk songs, legends, stories and legends are an outlet for the people, confirming his unrelenting thirst and love for freedom and hatred for the oppressors.
Renaissance period begins only in the XVIII century, when finally covered the whole of Europe with new trends.
The product Paisija monk opens a new page in the movement for freedom, independence and national identity. This Slavs – Bulgarian history. It was written in 1762 and printed only in 1844, but until then it was illegally distributed copies of a lot of hand-written, and with them the ideas of the author imbued Rodoljub and determination before the oppressors and Greek influence. Paisij created his own school.
In 1806 he published the first printed work of the Bulgarian – Weekly Sophronia Vratsa, he preaches the same ideas and helps to emphasize the desire of Bulgarian literature, long oppressed by the Greek church dogmas and canons, to independence. In 1829, the Ukrainian published book author George Venemina about the Bulgarians, their history, from ancient times. Inspired by this book and the ideas of the great Bulgarian teachers Daschal Petar Beron, Basil Aprilov in 1835 creates Gabrovo school, the first school teaching in Bulgarian. In this school many years teaching Neophyte Rilski, the creator of the first Bulgarian grammar. He forms a team of qualified teachers. Erected neophyte glorified himself as a “monk with a sharp pen.” For his audacity was imprisoned, where he died in 1848.
In the middle of the XIX century, the struggle for an independent church reaches its peak. Then there are the first periodicals in Bulgarian. Newspapers and magazines will publish under the leadership of Dan Christo inspired publisher and philanthropist, who opens the book stores in Thessaloniki and Pilaf divas. Creates favorable conditions for the publication of national ideas. These ideas were expressed by George Rakowski (1821 -1867 years.). In 1858, in his essay “Woodland Wayfarer” first felt the breath of the protest. Revolutionary songs Dobri Chintolov (1822 – 1886 gg.) Instill the spirit of resistance. First talented poet Petko Lazur (1827 – 1895gg.) Proves himself as a writer and as a teacher. Thanks to his versatile talent he manifests himself in all genres of Bulgarian literature.
Luben Karavelov (1835 -1879 years) and Hristo Botev (1848 -1876 years.), Ardent revolutionaries, played a major role in the development of the Bulgarian prose and poetry.
Hristo Botev, glorified the thirst for freedom in his verse predicts his own heroic death in battle for their country.
Without a doubt, the greatest name in Bulgarian literature – is Ivan Vazov (1850 – 1921 gg.). His novel “Under the Yoke” (1890) is a masterpiece. In it, he describes the life and struggle of the Bulgarian people against the Turkish invaders. And his other works tell of the struggle for independence and freedom. “Epic forgotten” (1881) – a series of epic sing in memory of the heroes who died for national independence. Classic Bulgarian literature Ivan Vazov wrote in all genres: historical drama, poetry, prose and journalism.
One of the most widely read authors in the Bulgarian literature is Aleko Konstantinov (1863 -1897 years.). Among his many works of the most famous is the “Bai Ganio.”
Writers Michael Stojan, Todor Vlaicu, Anton Strashimirov, Elin Pelin sing the Bulgarian people and give a realistic image of the life and culture of those times.
Poetry in this period is represented by a talented names. Pencho Lazur (1866 – 1912gg.) – Poet, singer of the struggle of the Bulgarian people against the Turkish invaders. Peo Sycamores (1877 -1914 years.) – Poet of the oppressed peasants, showed himself well in drama. One of his best plays is “In the fields of Vitosha”. Dimcho Debelyanov (1887 – 1916 gg.) – Lyric poet.
New trends in the Bulgarian literature dictated symbolism and Western literature. Geo Milev – creator of great talent in the translations, and lyric poetry. He was killed in 1925.
Yordan Yovkov – the author who has devoted his art neo-romanticism. The best of his work – “Balkan legends.”
Comedy tablespoons Kostova and stories Angela Karaliycheva reveal social problems and sharply criticized the evils of what was then the bourgeoisie.
The best-known authors in the period between the two world wars, the so-called poets – revolutionaries. Hristo Smirnenski (1898 – 1925 gg.) – The founder of socialist realism in Bulgarian literature, having a galaxy of followers.
Nikola Vaptsarov (1909 -1942 years.) – One of the brightest representatives of the proletarian literature. His collection of poems published in 1940. Shot in 1942, he devoted his life to the ideals of freedom and creativity. In 1952, Nikola Vaptsarov posthumously received the award from the International Union of the World. We must mention another work of writers Dmitry Dimov and his novel “Tobacco” George Karaslavova, Dmitry wireline and others. Bulgarian works were translated into 23 foreign languages ââand is known in all the continents of the world.
